The Dynamic Interplay of Politics and International Business

17 June, 2024 ∙ By Vidhi Kapoor ∙ No Comments

In today’s interconnected world, international business is not only influenced by market forces and economic conditions but also by the ever-changing landscape of global politics. Governments play a pivotal role in shaping policies that directly impact businesses operating across borders. The dynamics of political alliances, treaties, sanctions, and trade agreements can either facilitate smooth operations or introduce significant challenges for multinational corporations.

1. Political Stability and Economic Policy

Political stability is a cornerstone for economic growth and investment. Stable governments typically foster favorable business environments characterized by predictable regulatory frameworks, consistent policies, and reliable institutions. These factors attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and encourage businesses to expand operations within a country.

Photo by Mr Cup / Fabien Barral on Unsplash

Conversely, political instability, coups, civil unrest, or regime changes can disrupt business operations significantly. MNCs often face heightened risks such as asset seizure, contract renegotiations, or even nationalization in politically unstable regions. The uncertainty generated by such events can deter investment and force businesses to reassess their strategies or withdraw from affected markets.

2. Trade Policies and Tariffs

Governments wield significant influence through trade policies and tariffs, which directly impact the cost competitiveness of goods and services in international markets. Trade agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or customs unions, aim to reduce tariffs and trade barriers, facilitating smoother trade flows and market access for businesses.

However, shifts in political alliances or the imposition of tariffs and trade restrictions can disrupt established supply chains and increase costs for MNCs. For instance, trade tensions between major economies like the United States and China have led to tariff escalations, affecting industries reliant on global supply chains and influencing investment decisions.

3. Geopolitical Risks and Security Concerns

Geopolitical factors, including international conflicts, terrorism, and regional tensions, pose significant risks for businesses operating across borders. These risks manifest in various forms, from physical threats to infrastructure and personnel, to regulatory changes aimed at enhancing national security.

For example, sanctions imposed by one country against another can limit trade and financial transactions, impacting businesses with operations or interests in the targeted region. MNCs must navigate these risks by conducting thorough risk assessments, implementing robust security measures, and diversifying their operations to mitigate potential disruptions.

4. Influence of Political Alliances and Regional Integration

Political alliances and regional integration efforts, such as the European Union (EU) or ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), create integrated markets with standardized regulations and reduced trade barriers. These agreements offer businesses economies of scale, access to larger consumer markets, and streamlined regulatory processes.

However, the stability and coherence of such alliances can be fragile, subject to shifts in member countries’ political priorities or external pressures. The Brexit referendum and subsequent negotiations underscored the complexities and uncertainties surrounding regional integration, impacting businesses across Europe and beyond.

Strategies for Businesses

In response to the dynamic interplay of politics and international business, companies adopt several strategies to manage risks and capitalize on opportunities:

Political Risk Assessment: Regular assessment of political risks in target markets informs strategic decision-making and risk mitigation efforts.
Diversification: Diversifying markets, suppliers, and investment portfolios reduces dependency on any single market or region prone to political instability.
Government Relations: Engaging with government officials, policymakers, and industry associations enables businesses to advocate for favorable policies and influence regulatory outcomes.
Adaptability and Resilience: Building flexibility into supply chains, operations, and strategic planning allows businesses to respond swiftly to political developments and mitigate disruptions effectively.

Here are some examples to illustrate how changing governments and political alliances have impacted international business:

US-China Trade Relations: The trade war initiated by the Trump administration against China significantly affected global supply chains and business strategies. Tariffs were imposed on billions of dollars worth of goods, prompting companies to reconsider manufacturing locations and supply chain logistics to mitigate increased costs. The phase one trade deal signed under the Biden administration brought some relief but tensions continue to shape global trade dynamics.

Brexit and Its Impact on EU-UK Trade: The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union (EU) through Brexit introduced complexities for businesses operating across the UK and EU. Industries heavily reliant on frictionless trade faced disruptions due to new customs checks and regulatory requirements. Companies had to navigate new trade rules, tariffs, and supply chain adjustments, impacting sectors from automotive to financial services.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Sanctions: Geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine have led to sanctions imposed by Western countries, targeting Russian individuals, businesses, and sectors such as finance, defense, and energy. These sanctions restrict trade and investment activities, affecting multinational corporations with operations or interests in Russia and Ukraine, and prompting them to reassess their risk exposure and operational strategies.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: The global pandemic underscored the vulnerability of supply chains to disruptions. Governments implemented various measures, from travel restrictions to export controls on medical supplies, affecting international trade and business operations. Companies had to quickly adapt by diversifying suppliers, revising logistics strategies, and navigating fluctuating demand patterns amidst evolving government responses.

Trade Agreements and Regional Integration: The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) are examples of recent trade agreements that aim to enhance economic cooperation among member countries. These agreements create opportunities for businesses to access new markets with reduced trade barriers, fostering economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region.

Navigating the intersection of politics and international business requires agility, foresight, and a deep understanding of global dynamics. Businesses that proactively manage political risks, leverage opportunities presented by regional integration, and maintain robust government relations are better positioned to thrive in an increasingly complex global economy. By staying informed, adaptable, and strategically proactive, MNCs can navigate the challenges posed by changing governments, political alliances, and geopolitical uncertainties while capitalizing on new opportunities for growth and expansion.

Join our Masters programme in business and kickstart your career to another level. Talk to one of our education advisor to know more about the admission process, fee structure and intake information.

FIVE Benefits of studying for a degree in International/Global Management

19 September, 2022 ∙ By Sahil Devasia ∙ 8 Comments

In today’s global economy, we take international brands/companies setting up shop locally for granted. And for most of us, it does not matter what went on behind the scenes to enable that company/brand to choose a location.

*Today’s global economy with multinational brands. Photo by Nik Shuliahin 💛💙 on Unsplash.*

There are many challenges and considerations that a company takes into account when opening any new location, especially when opening a new international location.

A programme in international business will help students develop key skills in various business disciplines, such as supply chain, human resources, marketing, finance, etc., within a global context, thereby helping students gain a global perspective to be successful in business.

Most of Robert Kennedy College’s (RKC) 100% online programmes focus on the international aspect of business management. The following are five reasons why you should consider doing a programme that focuses on the international aspect of business management.

1. An international perspective

Businesses face many challenges, but when viewing these challenges with a global lens, each of these challenges takes on characteristics that are unique to the country. The programme will better prepare students to tackle these challenges, giving them the knowledge to understand different perspectives and problem-solving skills with a broadened worldview. Another advantage of doing a programme with a global context is the knowledge and skills learnt can easily be used when managing local businesses as well.

2. Learn new skills

Like any graduate programme, students will gain new knowledge and skills. But unlike a typical graduate programme, a student in international business management will learn skills that are dynamic and useful in various environmental and economic conditions. Skills that will help students integrate with organisational and operational structures that differ significantly. Apart from mandatory skills any manager would require, such as presenting and reporting, students would also learn skills such as communication, leadership, strategic thinking, etc., from an international business point of view.

3. Global workforce management

*Photo by Alex Kotliarskyi on Unsplash.*

Effective management of the workforce can be complex in the best of times. However, this difficulty increases manifolds when you consider a multinational organisation. Not only will managers have to consider local sensibilities when formulating a policy, but the decisions made when hiring or layoffs can significantly impact the local economy. Students will learn to examine the changing nature of organisations in a global context and understand whether an organisation’s policies and practices can genuinely be global or if national and cultural sensibilities must be considered.

4. Business practices

Students will learn the theory of cross-cultural interaction and different cultural identities and see how these influence management practice in ethics, leadership, decision-making, communication and negotiation. Students learn to conceptualise ethics, responsibility and sustainability in diverse global settings and develop an insight into the expanding role of sustainable development, corporate governance, responsible business practice and the ethical dimensions of organisational policies and procedures.

5. Become more employable

*Photo by Cytonn Photography on Unsplash.*

The most crucial point for any student. Most businesses today are multinational, looking to go multinational or have partnerships with vendors in other countries. The skills students learn from a programme in international management will make them very employable. And even if organisations are not looking to go global or have only local business partnerships, the skills learnt from a programme like this will be just as valuable as those with a more traditional business degree.

Hopefully, these points will help you better understand the value of a degree in international/global management. If you have already completed a degree in international/global business management, please share your experience and the benefits you got from the degree. I am sure our readers would appreciate and benefit from it.

If you have been thinking about doing either a BA, MBA, MSc or LLM degree with an international/global twist, look at our list of programmes and see if we have anything you are interested in doing.

You can also chat LIVE on WhatsApp with one of our Education Advisors for more information on the programme that is right for you, the application process, and details on discounts we might be offering at this time.